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DTC P0455: Evaporative Emission Control System Leak Detected (gross leak)

 
 
 
 
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
  • The fuel tank may be under a slight pressure or vacuum depending on the state of the Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System. The ECM monitors and responds to these pressure/vacuum changes. If the pressure/vacuum varies from the specified range, the ECM will set DTC P0455.
  • The ECM energizes the evaporative emission ventilation solenoid to shut off the evaporative emission canister outlet port.
  • The evaporative emission purge solenoid is activated to apply engine manifold vacuum to the EVAP system.
  • When the fuel system develops a vacuum of 2 kPa (0.29 psi), the evaporative emission purge solenoid is turned "off" and the fuel system vacuum is maintained at 2 kPa (0.29 psi).
  • The ECM determines whether there is a leak or clog in the fuel system by measuring the change in vacuum inside the fuel tank.
  • The test is stopped when fuel vapor pressure is determined to be too high.
 
 
DESCRIPTIONS OF MONITOR METHODS
  • Depressurizing EVAP system by intake manifold negative pressure is impossible within specified period.
 
 
MONITOR EXECUTION
  • Continuous
 
 
MONITOR EXECUTION CONDITIONS (OTHER MONITOR AND SENSOR)
Other Monitor (There is no temporary DTC set in memory for the item monitored below)
  • Not applicable
Sensor (The sensors below are determined to be normal)
  • Not applicable
 
 
DTC SET CONDITIONS
Logic Flow Chart (Monitor Sequence)
 
 
Check Conditions
  • Amount of remaining fuel is 15 - 85 percent of capacity when the engine is started.
  • Engine coolant temperature is less than 36°C (97°F) when the engine is started.
  • Engine coolant temperature is more than 20°C (68°F).
  • Intake air temperature is less than 36°C (97°F) when the engine is started.
  • The air flow ratio is 12 g/ sec or more.
  • The ratio between the manifold absolute pressure and the barometric pressure is 0.85 or less.
  • When the evaporative emission purge solenoid and evaporative emission ventilation solenoid are closed, the change of the pressure in the fuel tank is less than 324 Pa (0.09 in.Hg).
  • Barometric pressure is more than 76 kPa (22.4 in.Hg).
  • Intake air temperature is more than 5°C (41°F).
  • Fuel temperature is less than 36°C (97°F).
  • Fuel tank differential pressure sensor output voltage is between 1.0 and 4.0 volts.
  • At least 10 seconds have passed since the last monitor was complete.
  • Monitoring time: 120 - 150 seconds
Judgment Criterion
  • The fuel tank internal pressure is more than -1961 Pa (-0.58 in.Hg) after the evaporative emission purge solenoid has been driven when the fuel tank and vapor line were closed.
 
 
FAIL-SAFE AND BACKUP FUNCTION
  • None
 
 
OBD-II DRIVE CYCLE PATTERN
Refer to Diagnostic Function - OBD-II Drive Cycle - Pattern 4 .
 
 
TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS (The most likely causes for this code to be set are:)
  • Loose fuel cap.
  • Fuel cap relief pressure is incorrect.
  • Fuel overflow limiter valve failed.
  • Purge line or vapor line is clogged.
  • Fuel tank, purge line or vapor line seal failed.
  • Evaporative emission purge solenoid valve failed.
  • Evaporative emission ventilation solenoid valve failed.
  • Fuel tank differential pressure sensor failed.
  • Evaporative emission canister seal is faulty.
  • Evaporative emission canister is clogged.
 
 
DIAGNOSIS
Required Special Tools:
  • MB992744: Vehicle communication interface-Lite (V.C.I.-Lite)
  • MB992745: V.C.I.-Lite main harness A
  • MB992747: V.C.I.-Lite USB cable short
  • MB992748: V.C.I.-Lite USB cable long
  • MB991958 Scan Tool (M.U.T.-III Sub Assembly)
    • MB991824: Vehicles Communication Interface (V.C.I.)
    • MB991827 M.U.T.-III USB Cable
    • MB991910 M.U.T.-III Main Harness A (Vehicles with CAN communication system)
STEP 1. Using scan tool (M.U.T.-III), check the evaporative emission system monitor test.
caution
  • To prevent damage to scan tool (M.U.T.-III), always turn the ignition switch to the "LOCK" (OFF) position before connecting or disconnecting scan tool (M.U.T.-III).
  • During this test, the ECM will automatically increase the engine speed to 1,600 r/min or greater. Check that the transaxle is set to Neutral <M/T> or "P" position <CVT>.
(1) Connect scan tool (M.U.T.-III). Refer to HOW TO CONNECT THE SCAN TOOL (M.U.T.-III) .
(2) Turn the ignition switch to the "ON" position.
(3) Erase the DTCs using scan tool (M.U.T.-III).
(4) Check that the fuel cap is securely closed (Tighten until three clicks are heard).
(5) Start the engine.
(6) Select "Special Function".
(7) Select "Evap Leak Monitor".
(8) During this test, keep the accelerator pedal at the idle position.
(9) Keep the engine speed and engine load within the specified range. When the monitor test starts, the "In Progress" item on scan tool (M.U.T.-III) will change from "NO" to "YES".
(10) Turn the ignition switch to the "LOCK" (OFF) position.
Is "Evap Leak was detected." displayed on scan tool (M.U.T.-III)?
A malfunction has been detected during the monitor test. Refer to the Diagnostic Trouble Code Chart and diagnose any other DTCs that are set . If no other DTC's have been set, go to Step 2.
<"Evap Leak Monitor test passed." is displayed on scan tool (M.U.T.-III).> : The evaporative emission system is working properly at this time. Explain to the customer that an improperly tightened fuel cap can cause the MIL to illuminate. Return the vehicle to the customer.
<"Evap Leak Monitor discontinued. Once turn the IG off then retest again from the beginning." is displayed on scan tool (M.U.T.-III).> : The EVAP monitor has been interrupted during the test. Turn the ignition switch to the "LOCK" (OFF) position once, and repeat the monitoring from (1).
 
STEP 2. Check the evaporative emission purge solenoid for leaks.
Refer to GROUP 17, Emission Control - Evaporative Emission Control System - Evaporative Emission Purge Solenoid Check .
Does the evaporative emission purge solenoid hold pressure?
Go to Step 3.
Replace the evaporative emission purge solenoid. Then go to Step 13.
 
STEP 3. Check for leaks in evaporative emission hose A and hose B.
Use a hand vacuum pump to check hose A and hose B.
Do the hoses hold vacuum?
Go to Step 4.
Replace any damaged hose or chamber. Then go to Step 13.
 
STEP 4. Check for leaks in evaporative emission hose C.
Use a hand vacuum pump to check hose C.
Does hose C hold vacuum?
Go to Step 5.
Replace any damaged hose. Then go to Step 13.
 
STEP 5. Using scan tool (M.U.T.-III), check actuator test item 15: Evaporative Emission Ventilation Solenoid.
(1) Remove the evaporative emission ventilation solenoid. Do not disconnect the connector.
(2) Connect the hose of the hand vacuum pump to the evaporative emission canister side nipple of the evaporative emission ventilation solenoid.
(3) Turn the ignition switch to the "ON" position.
(4) Set scan tool (M.U.T.-III) to actuator testing mode for item 15: Evaporative Emission Ventilation Solenoid.
  • While the evaporative emission ventilation solenoid is energized, operate the hand vacuum pump and confirm that the solenoid holds vacuum.
(5) Turn the ignition switch to the "LOCK" (OFF) position.
(6) Disconnect the hand vacuum pump, and reinstall the evaporative emission ventilation solenoid.
Did the evaporative emission ventilation solenoid hold vacuum?
Go to Step 6.
Replace the evaporative emission ventilation solenoid. Then go to Step 13.
 
STEP 6. Perform the pressure test on the evaporative emission system.
(1) Disconnect hose D from the evaporative emission canister.
(2) Plug the disconnected end of hose D.
(3) Confirm that the evaporative emission system pressure pump (Miller number 6872A) is operating properly. Perform the self-test as described in the pump manufacturer's instructions.
(4) Remove the fuel cap.
(5) Connect the evaporative emission system pressure pump (Miller number 6872A) to the fuel tank filler tube by using fuel tank adapter (MLR-8382).
(6) Pressure test the system to determine whether any leaks are present.
noteThe "Pressure test" in this procedure refers to the I/M240 Simulation Test. The eight steps of this test are described in the manufacturer's instructions for the evaporative emission system pressure pump, Miller number 6872A.
(7) Remove the evaporative emission system pressure pump (Miller number 6872A) and the fuel tank adapter (MLR-8382), and reinstall the fuel cap.
(8) Connect hose D to the evaporative emission canister.
Is the evaporative emission system line free of leaks?
Go to Step 11.
Go to Step 7.
 
STEP 7. Check for leaks in evaporative emission hose D.
(1) Use a hand vacuum pump to check hose D.
Does hose D hold vacuum?
Go to Step 8.
Replace any damaged hose. Then go to Step 13.
 
STEP 8. Check for leaks in evaporative emission hose E.
(1) Use a hand vacuum pump to check each hose E.
Does hose E hold vacuum?
Go to Step 9.
Replace any damaged hose and reinstall the fuel tank assembly. Then go to Step 13.
 
STEP 9. Check for leaks in evaporative emission hoses F, G and H.
(1) Drain the fuel from the fuel tank.
(2) Use a hand vacuum pump to check each hose F, G and H.
Do the hoses hold vacuum?
Go to Step 10.
Replace any damaged hose. Then go to Step 13.
 
STEP 10. Check for leaks in the fuel tank.
(1) Visually check for cracks or other leaks in the fuel tank.
noteCarefully check the fuel pump module and the fuel tank differential pressure sensor installation in the fuel tank.
(2) Connect the evaporative emission system pressure pump (Miller number 6872A) to the fuel filler hose.
(3) Plug the hose and the nipple shown in the illustration.
noteIf these items are not securely plugged now, the fuel could leak in the next step.
(4) Pressurize the fuel tank with the evaporative emission system pressure pump.
(5) In the pressurized state, check for leaks by applying a soapy water solution to each section and look for bubbles.
Are any leaks found?
<When there is a leak from the attachment points of the fuel pump module, fuel tank differential pressure sensor, fuel level sensor or leveling valve.> : Repair or replace the leaked parts and check again that there are no leaks. Then reinstall the fuel tank. Then go to Step 13.
<When there is a leak from the fuel tank.> : Replace the fuel tank. Then go to Step 13.
When there is no leak, reinstall the fuel tank. Then go to Step 12.
 
STEP 11. Check the evaporative emission canister for vacuum leaks.
(1) Connect a hand vacuum pump to the evaporative emission canister and plug the other nipples.
(2) Apply a pressure on the hand vacuum pump, and confirm that air is maintained.
(3) Disconnect the hand vacuum pump and remove the plugs.
Is the evaporative emission canister in good condition?
Go to Step 12.
Replace the evaporative emission canister. Then go to Step 13.
 
STEP 12. Using scan tool (M.U.T.-III), check the evaporative emission system monitor test.
caution
  • During this test, the ECM automatically increases the engine speed to 1,600 r/min or greater. Check that the transaxle is set to Neutral <M/T> or "P" position <CVT>.
(1) Turn the ignition switch to the "ON" position.
(2) Erase the DTCs using scan tool (M.U.T.-III).
(3) Check that the fuel cap is securely closed (Tighten until three clicks are heard).
(4) Start the engine.
(5) Select "Special Function".
(6) Select "Evap Leak Monitor".
(7) During the test, keep the accelerator pedal at the idle position.
(8) Keep the engine speed and engine load within the specified range. When the monitor test starts, the "In Progress" item on scan tool (M.U.T.-III) will change from "NO" to "YES".
(9) Turn the ignition switch to the "LOCK" (OFF) position.
Is "Evap Leak was detected." displayed on scan tool (M.U.T.-III)?
Replace the ECM (Refer to, Removal and Installation ). Then go to Step 13.
<"Evap Leak Monitor test passed" is displayed on scan tool (M.U.T.-III).> : The evaporative emission system is working properly at this time. Go to Step 13 .
<"Evap Leak Monitor discontinued. Once turn the IG off then retest again from the beginning." is displayed on scan tool (M.U.T.-III).> : The EVAP monitor has been interrupted during the test. Turn the ignition switch to the "LOCK" (OFF) position once, and repeat the monitoring from (1).
 
STEP 13. Test the OBD-II drive cycle.
(1) Carry out a test drive with the drive cycle pattern. Refer to Diagnostic Function - OBD-II Drive Cycle - Pattern 4 .
(2) Check the diagnostic trouble code (DTC).
Is DTC P0455 set?
Retry the troubleshooting.
The inspection is complete.